Eye Goggles For A Mayan Ruler

By James Donahue

I don't spend much time watching television, but when Nova's archaeological mystery story "Lost King of the Maya" recently aired on a Public Broadcasting Station I found myself glued to the set.

The story was about a mysterious Mayan ruler named Yax K'uk Mo, who came out of the jungle from some unknown origin and founded a dynasty of 16 rulers that lasted some 400 years at Copan, Honduras.

The story carved in the stones told how this ruler, whose name means "Lord of the West," took his emblems of office before traveling 153 days to reach the settlement of Copan. This amazing man then turned this primitive place into a great dynasty that flourished in the arts, mathematics and archaeology for the next four centuries.

A study of the complex Mayan calendar reveals that a 400-year cycle, or Baktun, was a special "long count" or period of time that was regarded with superstition, much like people regard each turn of a century in contemporary times. The arrival of Yax K'uk Mo in Copan in the year 426 marked the beginning of the Ninth Baktun. Thus this ruler became elevated to the realm of the supernatural. Strangely, the reign that he started carried on through 16 rulers and lasted exactly one Baktun before it crumbled.

The great mystery about this ruler is that he arrived from nowhere, united a band of feuding warlords into a single government, obviously carried on trade with neighboring people, and left a legacy of great stone monuments and art work that still mystify and marvel all who come to visit them.

More than one writer has drawn the similarities between this strange story and the myth of the great Aztec feathered god figure Quetzalcoatl, also known among the Mayans as Kukulcan and linked to the lesser gods Xolotl, Tlaloc, Xipe and Tezcatlipoca. That Quetzalcoatl was identified as a white skinned visitor who came among the people, taught them numbers, astrology and culture, then went away as mysteriously as he arrived, suggests alien visitation.

Blogger Thomas Blackstar, in his own personal analysis of this same television show, wrote that he never saw "sculptures of a Mayan ruler that looked as extraterrestrial as Yax K'uk Mo."

Author Adrian Gilbert linked Yax K'uk Mo with the Aztec rain god Tlaloc and suggests that the jungle cities like Copan were developed as imitations of Teotihuacan, located about 700 miles to the east.

Gilbert writes: "Rows of these Tialoc faces have been found at Teotihuacan, alternating with curious jaguar faces, lining the staircase of the Quetzazalcoatl pyramid inside the Citadel. The Tialoc faces have a curious, alien feel to them and are more suggestive of extra-terrestrials in space suits than powerful chieftains in glasses."

Again we return to the initial question about Yax K'ui Mo. How did one man emerge out of a jungle, claim authority over a band of savage people already at war with each other, and almost overnight turn them into a civilized dynasty? This man appears to have been a real supernatural figure, capable of making the people of the area consider him a god and turning to him for leadership.

Yet the takeover was not as easy as that.

Archaeologists believe they have uncovered the bones of Yax K'ui Mo, buried deep in the ruins of a great structure used for placing the remains of all of the former rulers of that dynasty.

From all descriptions, Yax K'ui Mo was a man who died in his mid-fifties following a life of severe conflict and hardship that left him crippled with numerous scars and broken bones. He obviously was involved in many battles before rising to power.

The record shows that the skeletal remains found in the tomb reveal that Yax K'ui Mo's right arm was deformed from a fracture that may have been suffered in battle, the other arm was once broken, there had been a small fracture of the skull, the first thoracic vertebra and first cervical vertebra in the backbone showed signs of trauma and were rubbing against each other, and several ribs were fractured.

Thus this ruler, toward the end of his life, probably lived in pain. He carried a bent right arm, his lower chest was pushed in and protruding above, his shoulder pulled medially, his upper back was so stiff he held himself rigid, he probably minimized movement of his neck, and limped on his right foot.

That he lived the end of his life in Copan and died there, with a wife buried near him, indicates that even if he originated from extraterrestrial contact, Yax K'ui Mo was human. He may have been given great wisdom and power, but he was not spared from battle and pain. And he was the father of children who carried on his reign.